Political parties are necessary for the functioning of the democratic system but at the same time they can provoke antipathy in the citizenry. In Latin America, confidence in them is only 13%, which shows that they no longer express the collective will.

Co-author Ana Carola Traverso-Krejcarek
The pandemic turned the world upside down, shook institutions, generated new social conflicts and deepened existing ones. Diverse political systems were affected with ideological polarization, the emergence and strengthening of extremes.

The short summer of the anti-MAS bloc in Bolivia lasted almost a year, as the newly elected president, Luis Arce Catacora (MAS), will have to be sworn in the next months. The possible return of Evo Morales generates joy to some and discomfort to others, but the triumph of his candidate shows a developed political sense.

“This Committee will not rest until it sees behind bars these human beasts (Western-Indians) unworthy of being called citizens; settlers who bite the hand of this land (East) that opens its arms to them to get them out of poverty, and they will pay for this affront”. These were the words of Romulo Calvo, the president of the pro-Santa Cruz civic committee.