Professor Emeritus at the University of Salamanca and UPB (Medellín). Latest books (2020): "El oficio de político" (2nd. ed., Tecnos (Madrid) and in co-edition with Porfirio Cardona-Restrepo "Dilemas de la representación democrática" (Tirant lo Blanch, Colombia).
In this attempt to summarize the situation at the end of the year, we have endeavored to concisely mention a few prominent names, recognizing that this entails the risk of omitting equally relevant others.
Polarization is emerging thanks to the combination of the zero-sum game imposed by presidentialism, electoral campaigns that exacerbate differences and societies that are more disjointed and distrustful.
The absence of consensus has been the most repeated mantra when judging the document delivered to President Gabriel Boric by the Constitutional Council that will be submitted to the plebiscite.
This is an independence project with policies that project xenophobic expressions against those who, supposedly, are not integrated into the organized community. A community that exclusively extols what is different on the basis of a constant manipulation of history.
