While social networks are presented as territories of freedom and youth authenticity, platforms such as Discord, TikTok and Reddit have been transformed into factories of identity crossed by polarization and hate.

China's ability to create low-cost solutions in the field of digital technology helps put pressure on current market leaders to seek technological solutions that are less harmful to the environment.

With less content moderation, Mark Zuckerberg's social network users can expect more brain rot.

It is important to avoid superficial instrumentalism that promotes technological innovations in the digital era and instead focus on the political and economic factors shaping the dominant mode of information production.

Hate speech generates engagement, a phenomenon that can be measured by the interaction of network users, and produces information that increases the big data of huge platforms.

The global network blackout on January 18, 2012, was a political act driven by thousands of digital platforms, not a technical problem.