Director of CIEPS - International Center for Political and Social Studies, AIP-Panama. Professor Emeritus at the University of Salamanca and UPB (Medellín). Latest books: "The profession of politician" (Tecnos Madrid, 2020) and "Traces of a tired democracy" (Océano Atlántico Editores, 2024).
In the last month, a sequence of diverse events can be considered to argue for the existence of a favorable arena of evident reconciliation with politics.
In Latin America, the absence of state control—or, if preferred, the state’s precarious capacity to delineate its territory and exercise sovereignty under international treaties—is stark.
With the presidential succession, September seems to have confirmed the predominance of dependence. This is indicated by their shared stance on the "Spanish issue."
In this attempt to summarize the situation at the end of the year, we have endeavored to concisely mention a few prominent names, recognizing that this entails the risk of omitting equally relevant others.
Polarization is emerging thanks to the combination of the zero-sum game imposed by presidentialism, electoral campaigns that exacerbate differences and societies that are more disjointed and distrustful.
The absence of consensus has been the most repeated mantra when judging the document delivered to President Gabriel Boric by the Constitutional Council that will be submitted to the plebiscite.
This is an independence project with policies that project xenophobic expressions against those who, supposedly, are not integrated into the organized community. A community that exclusively extols what is different on the basis of a constant manipulation of history.
