Director of CIEPS - International Center for Political and Social Studies, AIP-Panama. Professor Emeritus at the University of Salamanca and UPB (Medellín). Latest books: "The profession of politician" (Tecnos Madrid, 2020) and "Traces of a tired democracy" (Océano Atlántico Editores, 2024).
Faced with a changing international order, the Greater Caribbean must urgently assume a firm and coordinated integration in order to leave fragmentation behind and consolidate itself as a relevant geostrategic actor.
Although presented as democratic, some consultation practices hide behind their façade authoritarian mechanisms that seek to perpetuate certain individuals or projects in power.
The limits of democratization based on elections alone have been widely debated, without addressing the structural fragility of the State and its lack of institutionality.
In the last month, a sequence of diverse events can be considered to argue for the existence of a favorable arena of evident reconciliation with politics.
In Latin America, the absence of state control—or, if preferred, the state’s precarious capacity to delineate its territory and exercise sovereignty under international treaties—is stark.
With the presidential succession, September seems to have confirmed the predominance of dependence. This is indicated by their shared stance on the "Spanish issue."
