The Fourth Transformation came to power through the ballot box, but its consolidation has sparked a debate over the concentration of power and the weakening of institutional checks and balances.

Twenty-five years after its creation, the Inter-American Democratic Charter faces the challenge of containing democratic erosion that the OAS’s tools have failed to prevent.

Artificial intelligence is transforming Latin American elections, from campaigns and disinformation to electoral management, forcing democracies to adapt urgently.

Despite Latin America's commitment to democracy, public dissatisfaction is growing, with citizens demanding more effective institutions and measures to promote human development.

Costa Rica is experiencing growing political polarization between the defense of its democratic tradition and a rupture-oriented political project driven by the government.

The refusal of defeated candidates to recognize legitimate electoral results undermines the authority of newly elected presidents, exacerbates polarization, and can trigger serious institutional crises and post-election violence.