Peru is not a structurally polarized country, but rather a fragmented and volatile democracy where veto players abound and projects capable of structuring political competition are lacking.
The advance of new right-wing movements in Latin America cannot be explained solely by ideological cycles; rather, it reflects their ability to transform deep and anomic social discontent into a coherent political project.
Affective polarization, already deeply rooted in Mexico and the region, is eroding institutions and turning democratic dissent into emotional conflict that hinders dialogue and civic coexistence.
While social networks are presented as territories of freedom and youth authenticity, platforms such as Discord, TikTok and Reddit have been transformed into factories of identity crossed by polarization and hate.
