Democracy faces growing pressures from polarization, insecurity, and citizen disillusionment, reigniting the debate over the roles of the State and citizenship in strengthening democratic governance.
In a Latin America marked by disenchantment, anger, fear, and rejection have become key forces for mobilizing voters, albeit at the cost of weaker governments and unstable public support.
Peru is not a structurally polarized country, but rather a fragmented and volatile democracy where veto players abound and projects capable of structuring political competition are lacking.
The advance of new right-wing movements in Latin America cannot be explained solely by ideological cycles; rather, it reflects their ability to transform deep and anomic social discontent into a coherent political project.
