Coauthor Melissa Martins Casagrande The increase in the number of refugee applications has not translated into more processing, resulting in a growing waiting list.

There is a big difference between how the world is treating Ukrainian refugees and how certain nations have responded to other refugees such as those from Syria, Afghanistan or Venezuela which has become the second largest external displacement in the world.

Co-author Luisa Feline Freier The EU distinguishes between "refugees" and "irregular migrants," meaning that there are those who deserve protection and others who should be detained and returned. In this respect, South America is an example in the protection of refugees.