The return of the canal not only responded to anti-imperialist pressures, but also to a reconfiguration of power driven by U.S. business elites, who considered the occupation an obstacle to the transnational expansion of their companies and banks.

Analysis L21 | The expansion of Chinese operations on critical infrastructure in the Canal nation. China and the Panama Canal.

Panama is one of the weakest links in the increasingly contested globalization chain that MAGA is now directly threatening to achieve its objectives.

Thirty-five years later, the promise of liberal democracy to achieve greater progress and welfare contrasts with the general problems of Panama City.

One possible solution, both to the problem of drug shortages and to the high cost of medicines in private pharmacies, is to purchase them through non-profit organizations, such as the United Nations agencies.

Expanding the base of social security affiliates requires policies that promote labor formalization, both in rural and informal urban areas.